HAITI

Haiti was embargoed by Western European and American countries, after 1803, when Toussaint L'Overture was deceived, captured aboard ship at a "peace parley" and jailed in the Jural Alps in France, where he was starved to death by Napoleon. Touissaint's successor, Jean-Jacques Dessalines and others crushed the French army in battle and won true independence. Then, the avaricious colonizers conspired together to created a trade embargo of Haitian sugar and a naval blockade about it, to strangle it, attempting to starve it back into re-enslavement; Later after agreeing to gigantic reparations payments to France in 1824 for tens-billions of francs, limited trade resumed under controlled conditions adverse, always, to Haiti and Haitians to forestall further black revolutions in the New World colonies of France, Spain, England, Netherlands, Portugal, US, etc. The U.S.A. also repeatedly invaded Haiti, even clandestinely elected venal puppets, like Papa Doc Duvalier and Tonton Macoutes.